Children and Youth with Complex Cerebral Palsy : Care and Management.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- From a Parent -- Contents -- Author Appointments -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- 1. Overview of cerebral palsy: definition, classification and impact -- History of CP and definitions -- Diagnosis and evaluation -- Classification of CP -- Epidemiology and causal pathways -- The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health -- Applying ICF components to general domains of care -- Body functions and structures -- Activity -- Participation -- Environment -- Personal factors -- Additional considerations (the expanded environment/context) -- Technology -- Family dynamics -- Team management -- Putting It all together -- Conclusions -- References -- 2. Functional assessment and goals of management -- Overview of function as a key piece of care planning -- Assessment -- The Role of interdisciplinary teams with families -- Therapeutic decision making -- Care map -- Case study -- Conclusion -- References -- 3. Hypertonia -- Definitions and overview -- Impact on function and activities -- Overview of hypertonia management strategies -- Oral pharmacotherapy for hypertonia management in severe cerebral palsy -- Baclofen (spasticity and dystonia) -- Tizanidine (spasticity) -- Benzodiazepines (spasticity and dystonia) -- Dantrolene (spasticity) -- Trihexyphenidyl (dystonia) -- Levodopa (dystonia) -- Gabapentin (dystonia) -- Intrathecal baclofen -- Evidence -- Patient selection -- Therapeutic trial -- Implantation -- Titration and Maintenance -- Complications and troubleshooting -- Selective dorsal rhizotomy -- Chemodenervation agents: botulinum toxin type A, phenol and ethanol -- Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) -- Mechanism of action -- Indications and evidence for use -- Safety concerns -- Practical aspects -- Phenol and ethanol -- Summary -- Useful websites -- References.

4. Musculoskeletal and orthopedic management -- Joint care -- Soft tissue surgery -- Osteotomy -- Scoliosis -- Bracing -- Fracture care -- Pre-surgical preparation -- Post-surgical care -- Conclusion -- References -- 5. Seating, mobility, and equipment needs -- Introduction -- General principles -- Referral and intake -- Team assembly and client arrival -- Client assessment -- Device availability -- Equipment trial and decision -- Funding/resource review -- Delivery, fitting, education, and follow-up -- Equipment -- Seating -- Standing and upright activities -- Gait trainers -- Walkers -- Wheeled mobility -- Other assistive and adaptive technology -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Resources -- Websites -- Book -- Conferences -- References -- 6. Osteoporosis and fractures -- Introduction -- Bone acquisition and normal growth -- Why this population is at risk -- Weight bearing -- Nutrition and nutritional status -- Medications -- Assessment and interpretation of bone density -- Assessment -- Interpretation -- Prevention -- Nutrition -- Weight bearing: standers, gait trainers -- Awareness of medications -- Treatments -- Nutritional deficiencies and weight bearing -- Vibration -- Medications -- Other medications -- Conclusions -- References -- 7. Feeding and nutrition -- Introduction -- Oral-motor impairment -- Assessment of eating -- Classification of eating and drinking abilities -- Feeding interventions -- Oral-motor therapy -- Positioning -- Diet consistency -- Environment -- Applied Techniques -- Hunger and satiety -- Growth and nutrition -- Growth assessment -- Nutrition assessment -- Laboratory assessment -- Interventions for poor growth and malnutrition -- Obesity -- Conclusion -- References -- 8. Gastro-intestinal diseases in pediatric patients with complex cerebral palsy -- Feeding considerations in patients with complex cerebral palsy.

Swallowing and oropharyngeal dysfunction -- Enteral feeding tubes -- Gastro-esophageal reflux disease -- Constipation -- Abdominal pain -- Conclusion -- References -- 9. Overview of pulmonary and sleep disorders in children with complex cerebral palsy -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology of lung disease in cerebral palsy -- Long-term pulmonary and sleep-related complications -- Disease progression -- Evaluation for pulmonary and sleep disorders -- Sialorrhea -- Causes -- Complications -- Evaluation -- Management -- Chronic pulmonary aspiration -- Aspiration of secretions and oral feeds -- Aspiration of gastric reflux -- Presentation -- Evaluation -- Management -- Complications -- Reactive airways disease -- Symptoms -- Treatment -- Chronic bronchitis exacerbation -- Role of enhanced pulmonary airway clearance in children with complex cerebral palsy -- Pathophysiology of impaired airway clearance in cerebral palsy -- Complications of impaired airway clearance -- Assessment -- Management -- Suctioning -- Mucolytics and hypertonic saline -- Manual chest physiotherapy -- High-frequency chest wall oscillation -- Cough assist device -- Sleep-related breathing disorders -- Obstructive sleep apnea/central sleep apnea/sleep hypoventilation/sleep hypoxemia -- Pulmonary considerations in the perioperative period -- Preoperative -- Concerns/risk -- Common recommendations -- Conclusion -- References -- 10. Speech and communication -- Introduction -- Speech, language, communication -- Augmentative and alternative communication -- Augmentative and alternative communication: candidacy, timeframe, and misconceptions -- Understanding communication performance and goal setting -- Patient profiles -- Patient examples -- Conclusions -- References -- 11. Cognitive and sensory impairment -- Introduction -- Cognitive impairment -- Overview -- Risk factors.

Assessment/management -- Vision impairment -- Overview -- Risk factors -- Types of visual impairment -- Assessment -- Management -- Hearing impairment -- Overview -- Risk factors -- Assessment -- Management -- Tactile impairment -- Overview -- Assessment/management -- Conclusion -- References -- 12. Challenging behaviors, sleep and toileting -- Challenging behavior -- Behavioral interventions for challenging behavior -- Sleep -- Assessment of sleep problems -- Medical intervention for sleep disorders -- Behavioral intervention for sleep disorders -- Toileting -- Assessment -- Medical intervention -- Behavioral intervention -- Conclusion -- References -- 13. Mental health in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy -- Introduction -- Prevalence of CP -- Co-occurrence of challenging problem behaviors -- Specific mental and neurodevelopmental disorders -- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder -- Bipolar and other related mood disorders -- Depressive disorders and the question of bereavement exception -- Attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder -- Autism spectrum disorders -- Intellectual disability/Intellectual developmental disorder -- Cerebral palsy as a mental health risk condition across the lifespan -- Early interventions promoting mental well-being -- Navigating transitions -- Supporting families -- Case study -- Conclusions -- References -- 14. Pain and Irritability -- Introduction -- Identifying pain in nonverbal children with cerebral palsy -- Sources of acute and chronic pain -- New onset acute pain -- Chronic pain -- Pain management -- Medications for chronic pain -- Non-pharmacologic strategies -- Care plans for break-through pain episodes -- Working with families and caregivers -- Conclusions -- References -- 15. Seizures and epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy -- Introduction -- Terminology -- Focal seizures.

Generalized seizures -- Unknown seizures (seizures difficult to characterize as either focal or generalized) -- Patterns of brain injury affecting the manifestation of epilepsy -- Presentation -- Evaluation -- Treatment -- Anti-seizure drugs -- Diet therapy -- Epilepsy surgery -- Vagal nerve stimulation -- Prognosis -- References -- 16. Urologic issues in children with complex cerebral palsy -- Introduction -- Physiology of the lower urinary tract -- Causative factors for incontinence -- Symptomatology -- Pathogenesis -- Management -- Specific recommendations -- Conclusions -- References -- 17. Adolescence and sexuality -- Introduction -- Puberty, growth and physical maturation -- Menarche and menstrual management -- Estrogen containing methods (combined hormonal contraceptives) -- Progestin-only contraceptives -- Hormone-free contraceptive methods -- Pregnancy prevention -- Voluntary sexual activity and sexual history taking -- Sexual abuse -- Problematic sexual behaviors -- Human papillomavirus vaccination and Papanicolaou testing -- Where to find further information about sexual health -- References -- Further resources -- 18. Transition to adulthood -- Introduction -- Definitions -- Adult medical care -- Transitioning to adult care -- Practical steps to assist patients in the transition process -- Developing a practice policy -- Setting up a registry -- Progress in transition - skills assessment -- Supported decision making -- Developing a care summary -- Transfer of care -- Conclusion -- Further reading -- References -- 19. Evidence-based care: a tool chest for helping families navigate treatment options -- Using the research to inform decision making -- Skill 1 Define the question or goal -- Example -- Skill 2 Help families understand why evidence-based care is important.

Skill 3 Help families get the information they need to make evidence-based choices.

This is the first book to focus exclusively on the management of the many medical comorbidities encountered by children and adolescents with more complex presentations of cerebral palsy.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2019. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.